This file was created by the Typo3 extension sevenpack version 0.7.16 --- Timezone: CET Creation date: 2023-01-29 Creation time: 19-54-45 --- Number of references 17 proceedings FoyerK2018 2018 6 27 2018 127-130 The need for torque measurement in the MN∙m range in the wind industry is outlined in the following, which also shows the gap between national torque standards and the wishes of the users. Furthermore, a solution to this issue is presented: the design of a force lever system. Such a setup separates the torque load into the two components of force and lever length. Within the European research project Torque measurement in the MN∙m range, several design varia-tions have been studied. This paper lists the requirements of a force lever system to be used in nacelle test benches. It also discusses different design variations to fulfil the requirements. These include various force transducers and options to transmit additional mechanical loads through the force lever system. Finally, a system design is presented that fulfils all requirements and can be used for further studies. force lever system, calibration MNm torque, nacelle test benches, NTBs, torque measurement https://www.vde-verlag.de/buecher/454683/itg-fb-281-sensoren-und-messsysteme-2018.html https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8436155 VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach ITG-Fb. 281: Sensoren und Messsysteme ITG; GMA Nürnberg, Germany Sensoren und Messsysteme 2018 26.-27.06.2018 English 978-3-8007-4683-5 GisaFoyer HolgerKahmann proceedings Weidinger2FKGK2018 2018 6 27 2018 332-335 In order to determine the efficiency of multi-MW nacelles, the torque measurement of multi-MW nacelle test benches has to be performed with an accuracy of approximately 0.2%. To this end, the torque transducer has to be traced to national standards in the MNm range. This can be done by using a new torque calibration procedure under constant rotation performed on a nacelle test bench. The results, in the form of an indication deviation including the measurement uncertainty of less than 0.22%, are discussed in this paper. torque calibration under rotation, nacelle test bench, NTB, multe-MW nacelle, torque measurement https://www.vde-verlag.de/buecher/454683/itg-fb-281-sensoren-und-messsysteme-2018.html https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8436181 VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach ITG-Fb. 281: Sensoren und Messsysteme Nürnberg, Germany Sensoren und Messsysteme 2018 26.-27.06.2018 978-3-8007-4683-5 PaulaWeidinger GisaFoyer StefanKock JonasGnauert RolfKumme proceedings WeidingerFKGK2018 2018 6 22 Precise torque measurement in multi-MW nacelle test benches (NTBs) is crucial for the effciency determination of wind turbines. However, because the torque transducers of NTBs are not yet traceable to national standards, their accuracy is not yet known. To rectify this, a calibration procedure was developed for torque M under rotation using a torque transfer standard. The results of measurements performed on an NTB are presented for a validation and adjustment of the method planned. Dierent inuences on the calibration measurements are discussed, such as static and rotational zero point determination, rotational speed n, and ambient conditions. torque calibration, rotation, nacelle test benches, NTB http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1037/5/052030/pdf http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1037/5/052030/meta IOP Publishing Ltd. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1037 (2018) 052030 Milan, Italy The Science of Making Torque from Wind (TORQUE 2018) 20.-22.06.2018 English 10.1088/1742-6596/1037/5/052030 PaulaWeidinger GisaFoyer StefanKock JonasGnauert RolfKumme proceedings GFoyer2018 2018 6 3 Multi-MN∙m torque measurements are needed in testing for the wind industry. As no national or international torque standard exists in that range, a force lever system has been designed to achieve traceability through force and length measurements. The system has been analysed numerically and the influences of nacelle test benches, such as rotation and additional mechanical loads, have been investigated torque measurements, wind industry, torque standards, force lever, nacelle test benches, rotation http://www.imeko2018.org/abstracts/IMEKO18-195.PDF IMEKO Belfast 22. IMEKO World Congress 03.-06.09.2018 EN GisaFoyer HolgerKahmann proceedings SKock2017 Tagungsband der 5. Tagung Innovation Messtechnik 2018 RWTH Aachen University nacelle test bench, wind turbine, torque transducer http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/689545/files/689545.pdf https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/689545 http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/689545/files/689545.pdf?subformat=pdfa Vienna 5. Conference Innovative Metrology 11.05.2017 EN 10.18154/RWTH-2017-04439 StefanKock GeorgJacobs DennisBosse JonasGnauert proceedings SKock2018 2018 MN·m torque measurement in wind turbine test benches and in the field is influenced by specific system-dependent parameters (e.g. rotational speed, multi-axial operation loads or deformation). Each of these parameters have a share in the torque measurement uncertainty budget. FEM simulation of the torque transducers provides a flexible and time-efficient method for the quantification of these influences. This paper describes a method for the characterisation of the torque transducers (body and strain gauges) by FEM simulation. The main focus is to give the recommendation for the selection of the FEM parameters (e.g. element type, mesh density), modelling of the strain gauges and connection between strain gauges and transducer body as well as for determination of material properties. The introduced simulation method is exemplarily deployed and validated on a self-designed 4 kN·m torque transducer and can be adapted on the MN·m torque transducers. The validation and measurement investigations have been executed on a 4 kN·m torque test rig under different temperatures (20°C, 40°C, 60°C), strain gauge adhesives (cyanoacrylate, methacrylate, epoxy resin) and various torque steps. The compiled results are a part of the EU and EURAMET funded project “Torque measurement in the MN·m range” [1]. wind turbin test benches, torque measurement, multi-axial, FEM simulation http://www.imeko2018.org/abstracts/IMEKO18-241.PDF Belfast, Northern Ireland 22. IMEKO World Congress 03.-06.09.2018 EN StefanKock GeorgJacobs DennisBosse FlorianStrangfeld proceedings PWeidIMEKO18 2018 For torque transducers above 1.1 MN m, no traceable measurement has been possible to date. Therefore, an extrapolation method deploying measurement data from partial ranges is to be developed. Both partial and full range measurements up to 20 kN m are performed to gather data for implementing an extrapolation approach. The extrapolated data is evaluated, and the results are compared to the full range results Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany VTT Technical Research Center Finland Ltd, Kajaani, Finland traceable measurement, extrapolation method http://www.imeko2018.org/abstracts/IMEKO18-667.PDF Belfast, Northern Ireland 22. IMEKO World Congress 03.-06.09.2018 EN PaulaWeidinger GisaFoyer JussiAla-Hiiro ChristianSchlegel RolfKumme proceedings JGnauert2018 2018 This paper covers the measurement uncertainty estimation of a novel 5 MN∙m torque transducer based on the Force-Lever principle for wind turbine test benches. The motivation of this novel transducer is to provide a satisfying accuracy in torque measurement above 1.1 MNm. Therefore the estimation of the measurement uncertainty is significant to evaluate the design. At the beginning the design is shortly introduced. Afterwards, the design is investigated under operational conditions (e.g. torque, gravity, rotational speed and multiaxial loads) by using FE simulations to determine the deformation and the parasitic loads. Finally, the measurement uncertainty is determined based on these FE simulations according to the type B evaluation of the GUM [1], including metrological aspects (e. g. linearity deviation and hysteresis). Additionally, the share in the measurement uncertainty is examined to indicate further starting points for improvements of the design. It can be shown that the novel torque transducer provides a high potential to significantly improve the measurement uncertainty in the MNm range towards existing torque measurement methods. Chair for Wind Power Drives, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 61, 52074 Aachen, Germany measurment uncertainty estimation, force lever, wind turbine test benches, torque measurement http://www.imeko2018.org/abstracts/IMEKO18-575.PDF Belfast, Northern Ireland 22. IMEKO World Congress 03.-06.09.2018 EN JonasGnauert GeorgJacobs StefanKock DennisBosse proceedings LorenteR2018 2018 This paper presents the new development of a transfer standard for torque measurements. It will also go in detail with the influence quantities for the functional performance of the system. The results of this research are based on the new EMPIR project (14IND14: “Torque measurement in the MN•m range” [1]) which aims to provide traceability in the MN•m range for nacelle test benches. This new development is based on the working principle of force-lever systems, where torque is measured by means of force measurements. For its application in nacelle test benches, whose normal operation occurs under rotation, certain influences need to be considered. This paper describes what influences may affect this new system, its estimation and how the design has been improved in order to minimize their effect on torque measurements. transfer standard, torque measurement, nacelle test benches http://www.imeko2018.org/abstracts/IMEKO18-454.PDF Belfast, Northern Ireland 22. IMEKO World Congress 03.-06.09.2018 EN Raquel MaríaLorente-Pedreille NievesMedina María AnaSáenz-Nuno Miguel ÀngelSebastián-Pérez proceedings KockJBW2017 Conference for Wind Power Drives : conference proceedings 2017 3 7 1-14 This paper covers a simulative method for the determination of parasitic loads, such as forces and bending moments, on multi-MW nacelle test benches during MN·m torque measurement. One part of this method is the approach to the simulative characterisation of the MN·m torque transducers, which are based on strain gauge measurement. Another part includes recommendations for the structural Finite Element Modeling (FEM)of the multi-MW nacelle test benches. After a short summary of the main components of the nacelle test bench as well as the existing torque measurement and their calibration methods, the FEM model of the 5 MN·m research transducer will be introduced. The description of the proper element type and mesh density selection as well as the determination of the structural properties of the research transducer will be presented. The FEM model will be validated by measurement results on the calibration machine up to 1.1 MN·m. For this purpose, the paper also compiles the FEM simulation of the calibration machine. In the next step the validated model of the 5 MN ·m research transducer will be implemented into FEM model of the 4 MW RWTH nacelle test bench. Consequently it will be possible to determine the parasitic loads and deformations by simulation. The paper is concluded by the discussion and quantification of the influences of the parasitic loads on the MN·m torque measurement uncertainty in multi-MW nacelle test benches. MN, torque measurement http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/686726/files/2017_Kock_Torque%20measurement%20uncertainty%20in%20multi-MW%20nacelle%20test%20benches_Paper.pdf http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:101:1-20170226920 Norderstedt : Books on Demand Germany Conference for Wind Power Drives 2017 07.-08.03.2017 EN 3-7431-3456-X, 978-3-7431-3456-0 10.18154/RWTH-2017-02946 StefanKock GeorgJacobs DennisBosse PaulaWeidinger proceedings WeidingerSFK2017 Proceedings Sensor 2017 2017 516 - 521 Precise torque measurement in nacelle test benches increases the demand for an expansion of the torque measurement range up to several MN·m and a torque transfer standard. To this end, a 5 MN·m torque transducer was acquired. However, a traceable torque calibration is only possible up to 1.1 MN·m so far. This calibration is presented and discussed in this paper. In order to fully characterise the 5 MN·m torque transfer standard, a finite element analysis of the calibration setup is performed and validated using the gathered measurement data. Moreover, the Young's Modules of the deformation body was determined using a force standard machine and a laser interferometer to acquire the longitudinal displacement of the deformation body due to compression. An estimation of the measurement signal over the entire measurement is given considering the partial range calibration results and the influences on strain gauge based measurements. http://www.ama-science.org/proceedings/getFile/ZwL0ZD== D6 - Mechanical Sensors: Special Applications Nürnberg, Germany AMA Conferences 2017 30.05.-01.06.2017 EN 978-3-9816876-4-4 10.5162/sensor2017/D6.2 PaulaWeidinger ChristianSchlegel GisaFoyer RolfKumme proceedings WeidingerFSK2017 2017 The current torque calibration range up to 1.1 MN·m is not any longer sufficient. The fast growing wind energy sector raised the demand for traceability of torque in the MN·m range over the last few years. To this end, a 5 MN·m torque transducer was acquired to extend the torque calibration range. Since the measuring device cannot be calibrated over its full measurement range, mathematical methods to forecast the behaviour of the torque transducer above 1.1 MN·m and their further development are presented. Calibration; Measurement; Mathematical methods http://umj.metrology.kharkov.ua/article/download/99993/95060 Ukrainian Metrological Journal Kazakhstan VII. International Competition of COOMET "Best Young Metrologist" 17.-18.05.2017 10.24027/2306-7039.1A.2017.99993 PaulaWeidinger GisaFoyer ChristianSchlegel RolfKumme proceedings SKockDEWEK 2017 RWTH Aachen University https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/709991/files/709991.pdf https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/709991 Bremen, Germany DEWEK 2017 13th German Wind Energy Conference 17. - 18.10.2017 StefanKock GeorgJacobs DennisBosse GisaFoyer proceedings FoyerKo2017 Proceedings of 23rd IMEKO TC3 Conference 2017 2017 Torque measurement in the MN∙m range is important in nacelle test benches,as it constitutes a main value for the efficiency determination of wind turbine drive trains. However, no traceable measurement is possible above 1.1 MN∙m. At the moment, alternatives to direct torque measurement in the MN∙m range are, therefore, used. Several of these torque measurement methods are presented and discussed in this paper with respect to traceability and measurement uncertainty. As these methods cannot substitute direct measurements fully, recommendations for a calibration procedure are given to enable a calibration of torque measurement using a torque transfer standard. torque measurement, measurement uncertainty, nacelle test bench calibration, wind energy http://www.imeko.org/publications/tc3-2017/IMEKO-TC3-2017-010.pdf Helsinki, Finland IMEKO TC3 Conference 2017 30.05-01.06.2017 EN GisaFoyer StefanKock proceedings SchlegelKaWeiKu2017 Proceedings of 23rd IMEKO TC3 Conference 2017 2017 To verify all technical aspects of wind turbines, more and more nacelle test benches have come into operation. One crucial parameter of such test benches is the torque initiated in the nacelles, which amounts to several MN·m. To date, no calibration traceable to national standards has been performed on such test benches. An EMPIR program dedicated to MN·m torque measurements is currently in progress in order to solve several issues associated with torque calibration for nacelle test benches. Concurrently, PTB has started to construct a competence center for wind energy to provide metrological support to the wind industry. torque, calibration, transfer standard, wind energy, nacelle test bench http://www.imeko.org/publications/tc3-2017/IMEKO-TC3-2017-045.pdf Helsinki, Finland IMEKO TC3 Conference 2017 30.05-01.06.2017 EN ChristianSchlegel HolgerKahmann PaulaWeidinger RolfKumme proceedings LorenteMeSaSe2017 Proceedings of 23rd IMEKO TC3 Conference 2017 2017 This paper describes CEM’s design proposal for a new torque transfer standard. This research arises from the new EMPIR project (14IND14: Torque measurement in the MN·m range”) [1], which aims to provide traceability in the MN· m range for nacelle test benches. Improving the quality of these measurements will lead to a more accurate diagnosis of wind turbines’ performance and a better efficiency in wind power generation. wind turbine, torque, standard, nacelle test bench http://www.imeko.org/publications/tc3-2017/IMEKO-TC3-2017-004.pdf Helsinki, Finland IMEKO TC 3 Conference 2017 30.05-01.06.2017 EN Raquel MaríaLorente NievesMedina María AnaSáenz Miguel ÁngelSebastián article SchlegelKK2016 ACTA IMEKO 2016 12 5 4 7 To verify all technical aspects of wind turbines, more and more nacelle test benches have come into operation. One crucial parameter is the initiated torque in the nacelles, which amounts to several MN·m. So far, no traceable calibration to national standards has been performed in such test benches. The paper will show calibration possibilities which already exist and also show future prospects. English 10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i4.414 ChristianSchlegel HolgerKahmann RolfKumme