Festkörperdichte

Borys, Michael; Mecke, Michael; Kuetgens, Ulrich; Busch, Ingo; Krumrey, Michael; Fuchs, Peter; Marti, Kilian; Bettin, Horst: The growth of the oxide layer on silicon spheres and its influence on their mass stability. Joint IMEKO International TC3, TC5 and TC22 Conference 2014 (2014), 3 to 5 February 2014, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa

A. Nicolaus, H. Bettin, M. Borys, U. Kuetgens, A. Pramann: Revision of the SI: The determination of the Avogadro constant as the base for the kilogram. Key Engineering Materials 613 (2014) 3-10

A. Nicolaus, H. Bettin, M. Borys, U. Kuetgens, A. Pramann: Revision of the SI: The determination of the Avogadro constant as the base for the kilogram. Proc. 11th ISMTII, July 1st to 5th, 2013. (International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments) 6 pp.

Horst Bettin, Kenichi Fujii, John Man, Giovanni, Mana, Enrico Massa, Alain Picard: Accurate measurements of the Avogadro and Planck constants by counting silicon atoms. Annalen der Physik, 525, No. 8-9 (2013) 680-687

R. A. Nicolaus, G. Bartl, H. Bettin, M. Borys, M. Firlus, I. Busch, A. Felgner, R. Krüger-Sehm, M. Krumrey, M. Krystek, U. Kuetgens: Current State of the Avogadro 28Si sphere S8. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 62 (June 2013) 1499-1505

H. Bettin, C. Jacques, Z. Zelenka, K. Fujii, N. Kuramoto, K.-H. Chang, Y. J. Lee, L. O. Becerra and N. Domostroeva: Final report on CCM key comparison CCM.D-K2: Comparison of liquid density standards, Metrologia Techn. Suppl. 50 (2013) 07006

H. Bettin, J. Rauch, M. Richter, R. Kleinrahm, R. Span: Verflüssigtes Erdgas (LNG) – Erdgaslieferung ohne Pipeline, PTB-Mitt. 122 (2012) Heft 4, 16

R. A. Nicolaus, G. Bartl, H. Bettin, I. Busch, M. Borys, R. Krüger-Sehm, M. Krumrey, U. Kuetgens: State of the Avogadro 28Si spheres. CPEM 2012 digest

H. Baumann, H. Bettin, F. Bielsa, A. Eichenberger, G. Genevès, N. Kuramoto, G. Mana, E. Massa, F. Pereira dos Santos, A. Picard, P. Pinot, A. Schindler: Realization of the Anticipated Definition of the Kilogram. CPEM 2012 digest

H Bettin, M Borys, I Busch, A Nicolaus, P Becker: Avogadro constant determination for a redefined kilogram, 56th International Scientific Colloquium, Ilmenau University of Technology, 12-16 September 2011, 7 pages

P Becker, H. Bettin: The Avogadro constant: determining the number of atoms in a single-crystal 28Si sphere, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (London) 369 (2011) 3925-3935

I Busch, Y Azuma, H Bettin, L Cibik, P Fuchs, K Fujii, M Krumrey, U Kuetgens, N Kuramoto and S Mizushima, Surface layer determination for the Si spheres of the Avogadro project, Metrologia 48 (2011) S62–S82

Guido Bartl, Horst Bettin, Michael Krystek, Torsten Mai, Arnold Nicolaus and Andreas Peter: Volume determination of the Avogadro spheres of highly enriched 28 Si with a spherical Fizeau interferometer, Metrologia 48 (2011) S96–S103

C. Goyon, R.S. Davis, H. Bettin, H. Toth: Comparison of density measurements carried out by the PTB and the BIPM on a 1.02 kg cylinder of platinum-iridium. Rapport BIPM-2010/10

H. Bettin: Dichteunterschied von zwei Kugeln aus Isotopen-angereichertem Silicium, PTB-Jahresbericht 2009 (2010)

H. Bettin, M. Borys, R. A. Nicolaus: Density: From the Measuring of a Silicon Sphere to Archimedes’ Principle, PTB-Mitteil. Special Issue, 118 (2008/2009) pp. 16-22

P. Becker, H. Bettin, M. Borys, I. Busch, K. Fujii, M. Gray, M. Krumrey, U. Kuetgens, G. Mana, P. Manson, E. Massa, A. Nicolaus, A. Picard, D. Schiel, S. Valkiers: Status of the NA determination by counting atoms in silicon crystals. CPEM 2010 digest

H. Bettin, D. Schiel, M. Vogtmann, H. Niemann: Cleaning of Silicon Density Standards (IMEKO 2009), IX IMEKO World CongressFundamental and Applied Metrology, September 6-11, 2009,Lisabon, Portugal

H. Bettin: Volumen und Dichte von Kugeln aus Isotopen-angereichertem Silicium, PTB-Jahresbericht 2008 (2009)

H. Bettin: Deducing calibration and measurement capabilities from key comparisons. Measurement, vol. 42 (2009) 1429-1432

I. Busch, H.-U. Danzebrink, M. Krumrey, M. Borys, H. Bettin: Oxide layer mass determination at the silicon sphere of the Avogadro project. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 4, April 2009, S. 891-896

H. Wolf, H. Bettin, A. Gluschko: Density of pure liquid water at normal pressure measured at the ppm-level. 15th International Conference for the Properties of Water and Steam ICPWS XV, Berlin, September 8-11, 2008, pp. 1-4

H. Bettin, Elektronischer „Fixpunkt“ für 20 °C, ptb-news Ausgabe 03/2008, S. 3.

H. Bettin, M. Borys, R. A. Nicolaus: Die Dichte: Von der Vermessung einer Siliziumkugel zum Archimedischen Prinzip, PTB-Mitteil. 118 (2008) Heft 2, pp. 77-83

P. Richard, J.-G. Ulrich, P. Lau, H. Bettin, D. Steindl, A. Peuto, D. Armitage, S. Downes, G. Bairy, C. Matilla, A. Gosset, H. Blichfeld, L. Fillinger, U. Akcadag, V. Çiftçi: Final report on the intercomparison EUROMET.M.D-K1 of volume standards by hydrostatic weighing (EUROMET project 339)., Metrologia 14 (2007) Technical Supplement 07003

H. Bettin: Temperature control in the µK range for density measurements, Proc. 20th Int. Conf. on Force, Mass & Torque IMEKO TC3, Merida, Mexico, pp. 64.1-64.9, November 27-30, 2007. www.imeko.org/publications/tc3-2007/IMEKO-TC3-2007-064u.pdf

H. Bettin, H. Toth: Density Determination of a Small Isotopically Enriched Silicon Single Crystal, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56 (2007) S. 257 – 261

K. Fujii, H. Bettin, A. Peuto, K.-H. Chang, P. Richard, C. Jacques, C. Matilla Vicente, L. O. Becerra: Final report on CIPM key comparison CCM.D-K1: density measurements of a silicon sphere, Metrologia 43 (2006) Technical Supplement 07007

H. Wolf, H. Bettin, A. Gluschko: Water density measurement by a magnetic flotation apparatus, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17 (2006) S. 2581-2587

H. Bettin: Editorial: Precision density measurements of solids and liquids, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17 (2006) S.

H. Bettin, H. Toth: Solid density determination by the pressure-of-flotation method, Meas. Sci. Technol. 17 (2006) S. 2567-2573

P. Becker, H. Bettin, U. Kuetgens, B. Hallmann-Seiffert, H. Riemann: Silicon for primary metrology: the effect of hydrogen on its perfection, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38 (2005) S. 4109 - 4114

H. Bettin, H. Toth, A. Waseda, K. Fujii: Comparison of Density Difference Measurements at PTB and NMIJ, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54 (2005), S. 877 - 881

H. Bettin, H. Toth: Density comparisons of silicon samples by the pressure-of-flotation method at PTB, Metrologia 41 (2004) S. S52 – S61

H. Bettin, H. Fehlauer: Density of mercury – measurements and reference values, Metrologia 41 (2004) S. S16 – S23

P. Becker, H. Bettin, H.-U. Danzebrink, M. Gläser, U. Kuetgens, A. Nicolaus, D. Schiel, P. De Bièvre, S. Valkiers, P. Taylor: The determination of the Avogadro constant via the silicon route, Metrologia 40 (2003) S. 271 - 287

Horst Bettin, Hans Toth: Flotation Measurements to Reveal the Reason for the Discrepancy in the Molar Volume of Silicon, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 52 (2003) S. 636 - 640

Horst Bettin: Book review: Practical Density Measurement and Hydrometry – S V Gupta, Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 (2003) S. 153

P. De Bièvre, S. Valkiers, R. Kessel, P.D.P. Taylor, P. Becker, H. Bettin, A. Peuto, S. Pettorruso, K. Fujii, A. Waseda, M. Tanaka, R. D. Deslattes, H. S. Peiser, M. J. Kenny: A Reassessment of the Molar Volume of Silicon and of the Avogadro Constant, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50 (2001) S. 593 - 597

H. Bettin, H. Krumscheid: New apparatus for measuring the density of mercury, Metrologia 36 (1999) S. 547 - 550

H. Adametz, H. Bettin, H. Fehlauer: Nationaler Vergleich von Aräometer­kalibrierungen, PTB-Mitt. 109 (1999) S. 138 – 145

F. Spieweck, H. Bettin: Methoden zur Bestimmung der Dichte von Festkörpern und Flüssigkeiten. Braunschweig: (Verbesserter) 2. Nachdruck Februar 1998 (PTB-Bericht PTB-W-46), ISBN 3-89429-132-X.

H. Bettin, A. Emmerich, F. Spieweck, H. Toth: Dichte wäßriger Glucose-, Fructose- und Invertzuckerlösungen (Density data for aqueous solutions of glucose, fructose and invert sugar). Zuckerindustrie 123 (1998) Nr. 5, S. 341 - 348

R. Belac, H. J. Groß, H. Bettin, F. Spieweck: Volumetric laboratory instruments. PTB Testing Instructions 21 (1997), 60 Seiten

P. De Bièvre, S. Valkiers, R. Gonfiantini, P. D. P. Taylor, H. Bettin, F. Spieweck, A. Peuto, S. Pettorruso, M. Mosca , K. Fujii, M. Tanaka, Y. Nezu, A. J. Leistner, W. J. Giardini: The Molar Volume of Silicon. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46 (1997), S. 592 - 595

H. Bettin, M. Gläser, F. Spieweck, H. Toth, A. Sacconi, A. Peuto, K. Fujii, M. Tanaka, Y. Nezu: International Intercomparison of Silicon Density Standards. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46 [2] (1997), S. 556 - 559

P. Becker, H. Bettin, L. Koenders, J. Martin, A. Nicolaus, S. Röttger: The silicon path to the kilogram. PTB-Mitt. 106 (1996) S. 321 - 329.

P. Becker, H. Bettin, P. De Bièvre, C. Holm, U. Kütgens, F. Spieweck, J. Stümpel, S. Valkiers, W. Zulehner: The Silicon-28 Path to the Avogadro Constant - First Experiments and Outlook. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 (1995), S. 522 - 525.

G. Basile, P. Becker, A. Bergamin, H. Bettin, G. Cavagnero, P. De Bièvre, U. Kütgens, G. Mana, M. Mosca, B. Pajot, R. Panciera, W. Pasin, S. Pettorruso, A. Peuto, A. Sacconi, J. Stümpel, S. Valkiers, E. Vittone, G. Zosi: A New Determination of NA. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 (1995), S. 538 - 541.

H. Bettin, P. Seyfried, F. Spieweck, H. Toth: A method for determining the density of small 28Si samples. PTB-Mitt. 104 (1994), S. 17 - 19.

H. Bettin, F. Spieweck, H. Toth: Bestimmung der Oberflächenspannung mit Hilfe eines Glasstengels. PTB-Mitt. 103 (1993), S. 147 - 148.

P. Seyfried, P. Becker, A. Kozdon, F. Lüdicke, F. Spieweck, J. Stümpel, H. Wagenbreth, D. Windisch, P. De Bièvre, H. H. Ku, G. Lenaers, T. J. Murphy, H. S. Peiser, S. Valkiers: A determination of the Avogadro Constant. Z. Phys. B - Condensed Matter, 87 (1992), S. 289-298

A. Kozdon, F. Spieweck: Transferring the density unit to small silicon artifacts. PTB-Mitteilungen 102 (1992), S. 3-7

A. F. Kozdon, F. Spieweck: Determination of Differences in the Density of Silicon Single Crystals by Observing Their Flotation at Different Pressures. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 41 (1992), S. 420-426

F. Spieweck, H. Bettin: Review: Solid and liquid density determination. tm - Techni­sches Messen 59 (1992), S. 237 - 244, 285 - 292.

H. Bettin, F. Spieweck, H. Toth: A computer-operated fluid-density measuring device using a balance and two permanent magnets. Meas. Sci. Technol. 2 (1991), S. 1036 - 1038.

H. Bettin, F. Spieweck: A Revised Formula for the Calculation of Alcoholometric Tables. PTB-Mitteilungen 100 (1990), S. 457 - 460.

F. Spieweck, H. Bettin, H. Toth: Einfache Festkörper-Dichtebestimmung mit einer oberschaligen Waage. wägen und dosieren, Heft 6, 1990, S. 20 - 25.

H. Bettin, F. Spieweck: Die Dichte wäßriger Saccharoselösungen nach Einführung der Internationalen Temperaturskala von 1990 (ITS-90). PTB-Mitteilungen 100 (1990), S. 369 - 371.

H. Bettin, F. Spieweck: Die Dichte des Wassers als Funktion der Temperatur nach Einführung der Internationalen Temperaturskala von 1990. PTB-Mitteilungen 100 (1990), S. 195 - 196.

F. Spieweck, A. Kozdon, H. Wagenbreth, H. Toth, D. Hoburg: A Computer-controlled Solid-density Measuring Apparatus. PTB-Mitteilungen 100 (1990), S. 169-173

K. Sommer, H. Adametz, H. Fehlauer: Normalproben zur Darstellung und Weitergabe der Einheit der Dichte. Metrologische Abhandlungen, Berlin 9 (1989) 1, S. 65-76

W. Gorski, H.-G. Toth: Destilliertes Wasser als Dichtereferenzmaterial - Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit als Kriterium seiner Güte. PTB-Mitteilungen 98 (1988), S. 324-325

 F. Spieweck, H. G. Toth: Dichtemessungen mit einer untergetauchten Waage. PTB-Jahresbericht 1988, S. 155