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% This file was created by the TYPO3 extension
% bib
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% Creation date: 2024-04-20
% Creation time: 05-48-18
% --- Number of references
% 31
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@Unknown { Simon2013_MBE,
   title = {Untersuchungen zur Z{\~A}¼ndwirksamkeit von Ultraschall beim Einsatz in explosionsf{\~A}¤higen Atmosph{\~A}¤ren},
   year = {2013},
   month = {3},
   day = {21},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/Simon_Untersuchungen_zur_Zuendwirksamkeit_von_Ultraschall_beim_Einsatz_in_explosionsfaehigen_Atmosphaeren__2_.pdf},
   event_place = {Magdeburg},
   event_name = {Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztag},
   event_date = {21-22.03.2013},
   ISBN = {978-3-00-041601-9},
   author = {Simon, Lars Hendrik and Wilkens, V. and Beyer, M.}
}

@Unknown { Langer_2012,
   title = {MIE experiments and simultaneous measurement of the transferred  charge - A verification of the ignition threshold limits},
   journal = {Journal of Electrostatics},
   year = {2012},
   volume = {70},
   pages = {97-104},
   abstract = {Using the appartus for the determination of the MIE a wide series of experiments have been carried out in hydrogen/air, ethene/air, propane/air and acetone/air mixtures. The transferred charge as a criterion to judge the ignition potential is determined to to varify the threshold of transferred charge given in the standards. The stored charge in the capacitance befor the discharge is compared to the transferred charge in the spark. The correlation of ignition energy and transferred energy  is examined and the thresholds of the transferred charge are discussed. The MIE of the above- mentioned mixture are reviewed taking into account the measurement uncertainty.},
   author = {Langer, T. and Gramse, G. and M{\~A}¶ckel, D. and v. Pidoll, U. and Beyer, M.}
}

@Unknown { Waehner_2012,
   title = {Determination of the Minimum Igntion Energy on the Basis of a Statistical Approach},
   year = {2012},
   abstract = {Based on existing MIE test results, a statistical analysis for the MIE of hydrogen, ethene and propane is made by means of the logistic regression. The conditions necessary to carry out such an approach are discussed. It is shown that MIE values which are connected with a certain ignition probability could be determined adequately and lead to a more sophisticated result, also with regard to measurement uncertainties. This, in turn, leads to a better comparability and a higher informative content. At the same time, the MIEs of hydrogen, ethene and propane are reviewed. In doing so, a useful contribution to the discussion concerning the MIE of propane is made.},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/2012_Beyer_Waehner_Determination_of_the_Minimum_Ignition_ISHPMIE.pdf},
   event_place = {Krakau},
   event_name = {International Symposium of Hazard, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions},
   event_date = {22.07.-27.07.2012},
   author = {W{\~A}¤hner, A. and Gramse, G. and Langer, T. and Beyer, M.}
}

@Article { Himstedt_2012,
   title = {Praxisorientierte ATEX-Bewertung von Fasspumpen der Kategorie 1},
   journal = {Technische Sicherheit},
   year = {2012},
   volume = {2},
   number = {7/8},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/2012_Himstedt_Praxisorientierte_ATEX-Bewertung_von_Fasspumpen_der_Kategorie_1_Technische_Sicherheit.pdf},
   web_url = {www.technischesicherheit.de/ts/},
   publisher = {Springer-VDI-Verlag GmbH \& Co. KG},
   author = {Himstedt, M. and Kr{\~A}¼ger, H. and Treiber, S.}
}

@Conference { Simon_2012,
   title = {Ignition of dust-air atmospheres by ultrasonic waves},
   year = {2012},
   abstract = {This paper shows the results of our investigations on the ignition source ultrasound in
dust-air atmospheres. Ultrasound is, on the one hand, considered to be an ignition
source (EN 1127-1:2007). On the other hand, though, it is used for various
applications in gases and air, such as level measurement, dust agglomeration
(De Sarabia et al. 2000), particle size fractionation (Budwig et al. 2010) or potentially
for the production of powder coatings (Hemsel et al. 2005), and no explosion
accidents have yet been reported. Our research now shows that it is indeed possible to
ignite dust-air mixtures in ultrasound fields under certain conditions. We conducted
our experiments in an ultrasound standing-wave field and used maize starch, calcium
stearate and sulfur dust. For ignitions, an absorbing target was needed to convert the
acoustic energy into heat. From theoretical estimations and experiments critical
conditions that provoke ultrasonically triggered explosions are identified.},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/2012_Simon_Beyer_Ignition_of_dust-air_atmospheres_by_ultrasonic_waves_ISHPMIE.pdf},
   event_place = {Krakau},
   event_name = {International Symposium of Hazard, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions},
   event_date = {22.07.-27.07.2012},
   author = {Simon, Lars Hendrik and Wilkens, V. and Fedtke, T. and Beyer, M.}
}

@Article { ,
   title = {Explosionsrisiken besser einsch{\~A}¤tzen},
   journal = {JOT},
   year = {2011},
   volume = {8},
   pages = {44 - 45},
   author = {M{\~A}¶ckel, D.}
}

@Article { Welzel_2011,
   title = {Mechanisch erzeugte Reib- und Schlagfunken im Vergleich},
   journal = {PTB-Mitteilungen},
   year = {2011},
   volume = {121},
   number = {1},
   pages = {41-46},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/2011_Welzel_PTB_Mitteilungen_Mechanisch_erzeugte_Reib-_und_Schlagfunken_im_Vergleich.pdf},
   author = {Welzel, F. and Grunewald, T. and Beyer, M. and Gr{\~A}¤tz, R.}
}

@Article { Langer_2011,
   title = {Transferred charge of brush discharges in explosive gas atmospheres - A verification of the ignition threshold limits},
   journal = {Journal of Electrostatics},
   year = {2011},
   volume = {3},
   author = {Langer, T. and M{\~A}¶ckel, D. and Beyer, M.}
}

@Article { Beyer_2011,
   title = {Physikalisch-Chemische Sicherheitstechnik und Explosionsschutz in PTB und BAM},
   journal = {PTB-Mitteilungen},
   year = {2011},
   volume = {121},
   number = {1},
   pages = {3-7},
   author = {Beyer, M. and Bothe, H.}
}

@Unknown { Langer_2010a,
   title = {Transients reducing the breakdown voltage and leading to incendive predischarges},
   journal = {13th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries},
   year = {2010},
   volume = {2},
   pages = {407-410},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/2010_Langer_Transients_reducing_the_breakdown_voltage..._LossPrevention.pdf},
   event_place = {Brugge, Belgium},
   event_name = {13th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries},
   event_date = {6-9, June, 2010},
   author = {Langer, T. and Lienesch, F. and Markus, D. and Maas, U.}
}

@Unknown { Langer_2010,
   title = {Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung von Z{\~A}¼ndprozessen in Folge von elektrischen Entladungen.},
   journal = {Tagungsbericht 12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   year = {2010},
   pages = {44-49},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/3.7_zuendquellensicherheit/3.73/Veroeffentlichungen/2010_Langer_Experimentelle_und_numerische_Untersuchungen..._BAM-PTB-Kolloquium_2010.pdf},
   event_place = {Berlin, Germany},
   event_name = {12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik,},
   event_date = {15-16, June, 2010},
   author = {Langer, T. and Simon, Lars Hendrik and Lienesch, F. and Paul, M. and Markus, D. and Maas, U.}
}

@Unknown { Lampe_2010,
   title = {Z{\~A}¼ndung von Wasserstoff/Luft-Gemischen durch Reibung metallischer Kontaktfl{\~A}¤chen},
   journal = {Tagungsbericht 12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   year = {2010},
   pages = {61-64},
   event_place = {Berlin},
   event_name = {12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   event_date = {15-16, June, 2010},
   author = {Lampe, D. and Welzel, F.}
}

@Unknown { Himstedt_2010a,
   title = {Eintauchen in Zone Null - neue Sicherheitskonzepte f{\~A}¼r Tauchpumpen im explosionsgef{\~A}¤hrdeten Bereich},
   journal = {Chemie-Technik},
   year = {2010},
   volume = {1-2},
   pages = {42-43},
   author = {Himstedt, M. and Konrad, J.}
}

@Unknown { Himstedt_2010,
   title = {Z{\~A}¼ndquellen{\~A}¼berwachung an mechanischen Ger{\~A}¤ten},
   journal = {Chemie-Technik},
   year = {2010},
   volume = {5},
   pages = {32-34},
   author = {Himstedt, M.}
}

@Article { Langer_2010b,
   title = {Streamer discharges caused by high-frequency voltage leading to ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures},
   journal = {Combustion Science and Technology},
   year = {2010},
   volume = {182},
   number = {11-12},
   pages = {1718-1734},
   author = {Langer, T. and Markus, D. and Lienesch, F. and Maas, U.}
}

@Conference { Welzel_2010a,
   title = {Ignition of Explosive Atmospheres by Mechanically Generetad Sparks},
   journal = {13th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries},
   year = {2010},
   volume = {01},
   pages = {225-230},
   event_place = {Brugge, Belgium},
   event_name = {13th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries,},
   event_date = {6-9, June, 2010},
   author = {Welzel, F. and Ott, T. and Beyer, M. and Klages, C.-P.}
}

@Conference { Welzel_2010,
   title = {Mechanisch erzeugte Reib- und Schlagfunken im Vergleich},
   journal = {Tagungsbericht 12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   year = {2010},
   pages = {32-36},
   event_place = {Berlin, Germany},
   event_name = {12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik,},
   event_date = {15-16, June, 2010},
   author = {Welzel, F. and Beyer, M. and Grunewald, T. and Gr{\~A}¤tz, R. and Klages, C.-P.}
}

@Conference { Simon_2010,
   title = {Untersuchung von z{\~A}¼ndf{\~A}¤higen Teilentladungen bei hochfrequenter Wechselspannung bis 1 MHz},
   journal = {Tagungsbericht 12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   year = {2010},
   pages = {40-43},
   event_place = {Berlin, Germany},
   event_name = {12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik,},
   event_date = {15-16, June, 2010},
   author = {Simon, Lars Hendrik and Langer, T. and Lienesch, F.}
}

@Conference { von_Pidoll_2010,
   title = {Typische Fehlerquellen in Bezug auf elektrostatische Z{\~A}¼ndgefahren bei ATEX-Ger{\~A}¤ten},
   journal = {Tagungsbericht 12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   year = {2010},
   pages = {37-39},
   event_place = {Berlin, Deutschland},
   event_name = {12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik,},
   event_date = {15-16, Juni, 2010},
   author = {v. Pidoll, U.}
}

@Conference { Ott_2010,
   title = {Thermische Z{\~A}¼ndung von Dampf-Luft Gemischen durch hei{\~A}Ÿe Oberfl{\~A}¤chen - Simulation und Experiment im Vergleich},
   journal = {Tagungsbericht 12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik},
   year = {2010},
   pages = {50-54},
   event_place = {Berlin, Deutschland},
   event_name = {12. Kolloquium zu Fragen der chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik,},
   event_date = {15-16, Juni, 2010},
   author = {Ott, T. and Beyer, M.}
}

@Conference { Langer_2010c,
   title = {Repetitive streamer discharges leading to ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures},
   year = {2010},
   event_place = {Yokohama, Japan},
   event_name = {8th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions},
   event_date = {05-10, September, 2010},
   author = {Langer, T. and Markus, D. and Maas, U.}
}

@Conference { Beyer_9_2010,
   title = {Ignition of explosive atmospheres by small hot particles: comparison of experiments and simulations},
   year = {2010},
   event_place = {Yokohama, Japan},
   event_name = {8th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions},
   event_date = {05-10 September},
   author = {Beyer, M.}
}

@Unknown { ,
   title = {Ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures through electric discharges at high-frequency AC voltage},
   journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology},
   year = {2009},
   volume = {32},
   number = {2},
   pages = {288-291},
   author = {Langer, T. and Lienesch, F. and Markus, D. and Spilling, M.}
}

@Unknown { ,
   title = {An overview of standards concerning unwanted electrostatic discharges},
   journal = {Journal of Electrostatics},
   year = {2009},
   volume = {67},
   number = {2+3},
   pages = {445-452},
   author = {v. Pidoll, U.}
}

@Article { ,
   title = {Temperaturen und Funkenentstehung bei Trockenreibung zwischen metallischen
Reibpartnern},
   journal = {Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik},
   year = {2009},
   volume = {80},
   number = {1/2},
   pages = {159-165},
   abstract = {Bei Fehlfunktionen von explosionsgesch{\~A}¼tzten mechanischen Ger{\~A}¤ten kann eine reibende Ber{\~A}¼hrung von sich gegeneinander bewegenden Teilen nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Erreicht die Kontaktzone eine hinreichend hohe Temperatur, k{\~A}¶nnen die abgetragenen Partikel mit dem Luftsauerstoff verbrennen. Sowohl die hohen Oberfl{\~A}¤chentemperaturen als auch die mechanischen Funken sind dabei m{\~A}¶gliche potenzielle Z{\~A}¼ndquelle f{\~A}¼r explosionsf{\~A}¤hige Atmosph{\~A}¤ren.},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/explosionsschutz/Veroeffentlichungen/373/CIT_200800180_.pdf},
   author = {Ott, T. and Klages, C.-P. and Beyer, M. and Welzel, F.}
}

@Conference { ,
   title = {Formation of mechanical sparks in sliding metal contacts},
   journal = {22nd International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Minsk, Belarus, 27-31, July, 2009},
   year = {2009},
   author = {Beyer, M. and Welzel, F. and Gerlinger, W. and Bitterlich, S. and Klages, C.-P. and Ott, T.}
}

@Conference { ,
   title = {Explosion protection concept for liquid pumps of ATEX
category 1},
   year = {2008},
   month = {10},
   abstract = {To increase the efficiency factor and safety of category 1 liquid pumps, the ignition hazard
analysis and the requirements of monitoring devices have to be taken into account. The
established certificates for category 1 liquid pumps require a minimum amount of liquid inside of
the tank as a heat capacity and a minimum circulation volume of liquid through the bypass pipe
to ensure the temperature class of the pump. In addition, the tank needs to be protected against
ignition sources with a flame arrestor in the bypass pipe and with a foot valve inside of the
pump. These autonomous protective systems require frequent maintenance to function reliably.
This article provides guidance for the requirements of non-electrical explosion-protected
equipment under application of monitoring devices, e.g. for flow and the liquid level inside of the
tank, to avoid an ignition source in the interior of the pump. To complete the category 1
requirements for the outside surface the temperature of the pump body is limited. The
requirements for the control of ignition sources for non-electrical equipment will be explained. All
in all, an overview for submersible pumps in hazardous areas will be given.},
   keywords = {Explosion protection, ignition source, ignition hazard analysis, protection concept category 1,
monitoring devices, control of ignition sources, ATEX},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/explosionsschutz/Veroeffentlichungen/373/protection_concept_for_cat1_liquid_pumps.pdf},
   web_url = {http://www.introequipcon.com/de/index.html},
   event_place = {D{\~A}¼sseldorf},
   event_name = {International Rotating Equipment Conference 2008, D{\~A}¼sseldorf},
   event_date = {Oktober 2010},
   type = {Tagungsbandbeitrag},
   language = {EN},
   author = {Himstedt, M.}
}

@Article { ,
   title = {Ignitability of spray clouds of organic solvents, solvent/water mixtures, and water-based paints by electric sparks, arcs, and open flames},
   journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications},
   year = {2008},
   volume = {44},
   number = {1},
   pages = {15-19},
   author = {v. Pidoll, U.}
}

@Article { ,
   title = {Messtechnische Charakterisierung elektrostatischer Entladungen},
   journal = {Technisches Messen},
   year = {2008},
   volume = {75},
   number = {9},
   pages = {516-524},
   author = {Langer, T. and Beyer, M. and v. Pidoll, U.}
}

@Article { ,
   title = {Systematische Z{\~A}¼ndgefahrenbewertung an explosionsgesch{\~A}¼tzten mechanischen Ger{\~A}¤ten},
   journal = {Technische {\~A}œberwachung},
   year = {2004},
   volume = {45},
   number = {3},
   pages = {27-31},
   abstract = {F{\~A}¼r nichtelektrische Ger{\~A}¤te wird nach DIN EN 13463-1 [1] eine Z{\~A}¼ndgefahrenbewertung gefordert, um die grundlegenden
Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsanforderungen der Explosionsschutz-Richtlinie 94/9/EG [2] erf{\~A}¼llen zu k{\~A}¶nnen. Dabei sind f{\~A}¼r jede einzelne identifizierte Z{\~A}¼ndgefahr angemessene Schutzma{\~A}Ÿnahmen in Abh{\~A}¤ngigkeit von zu ber{\~A}¼cksichtigenden Fehlerzust{\~A}¤nden festzulegen. Die Norm stellt Anforderungen an das Ergebnis einer Z{\~A}¼ndgefahrenbewertung, gibt jedoch keine Anleitung, wie man die Bewertung durchf{\~A}¼hren kann. Der geforderte Bewertungsbericht enth{\~A}¤lt nur die Mindestanforderungen an die Ergebnisse einer Z{\~A}¼ndgefahrenbewertung und damit nur einen Teil der aus anderen Gr{\~A}¼nden notwendigen und n{\~A}¼tzlichen Informationen. Eine Vorgehensweise in Anlehnung an die Minimalanforderungen aus der Norm birgt daher f{\~A}¼r den Anwender Nachteile und Fehlerquellen, die mit der beschriebenen Methode vermieden werden k{\~A}¶nnen. Es wird eine grunds{\~A}¤tzliche, systematische Vorgehensweise beschrieben, um die notwendigen und wichtigen Informationen zusammenzutragen und festzuhalten. Ein Beispiel f{\~A}¼r die Umsetzung mit technischen Einzelheiten wird in einem Folgeartikel behandelt [3].},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/explosionsschutz/Veroeffentlichungen/373/zuendgefahrenbewertung.pdf},
   web_url = {www.technische-ueberwachung.de/tue},
   author = {Beyer, M.}
}

@Article { ,
   title = {Explosionsgesch{\~A}¼tzte R{\~A}¼hrwerke},
   journal = {Technische {\~A}œberwachung},
   year = {2004},
   volume = {45},
   number = {5},
   pages = {36-41},
   abstract = {Die technischen Anforderungen an explosionsgesch{\~A}¼tzte nichtelektrische Betriebsmittel sind im Gegensatz zu den elektrischen Ger{\~A}¤ten nicht gleicherma{\~A}Ÿen detailliert in Normen festgelegt. Nach DIN EN 13463-1 [1] ist f{\~A}¼r explosionsgesch{\~A}¼tzte nichtelektrische Ger{\~A}¤te grunds{\~A}¤tzlich eine Z{\~A}¼ndgefahrenbewertung durchzuf{\~A}¼hren, aus der die sicherheitstechnisch notwendigen Ma{\~A}Ÿnahmen zur Vermeidung der Z{\~A}¼ndgefahren abzuleiten sind. Nach Ende der {\~A}œbergangsfrist der Richtlinie 94/9/EG [2] wird die DIN EN 13463-1 als harmonisierte Norm zur Richtlinie nun in breitem Umfang auf die erstmalig in Verkehr gebrachten Produkte angewendet.},
   url = {fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_3/explosionsschutz/Veroeffentlichungen/373/ruehrwerke.pdf},
   web_url = {www.technische-ueberwachung.de/tue},
   author = {Beyer, M. and Himstedt, M.}
}