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Heft 4: Dynamic Pressure and Temperature Measurement and Calibration

PTB-Mitteilungen 4/2022

Inhaltsverzeichnis/Abstract

Foreword

Robert Wynands

The world is dynamic, not static. And so is the field of measurement. Dynamic quantities need to be measured with sensors that are characterized for and calibrated with dynamic loads. In this volume of PTB Mitteilungen the focus is on dynamic measurements of pressure (ambient to 400 MPa) and temperature (ambient to 3000 °C) with temporal resolution of milliseconds or faster. This is an important range for applications, for instance the optimization of internal combustion engines (that continue to be with us for some time to come, running on different types of fuel), control of industrial processes, and safety testing.

Where research meets industry

Carel Adolfse

On January 18, 2017 I was invited for a meeting at VSL, our national metrology institute (NMI) in the Netherlands, to propose a technical challenge we were working on which might have the potential to be signed up for an EMPIR project. I have been partially involved in another EMPIR project 14IND06 in the field of small differential and low absolute pressures so I had basic knowledge on what EMPIR and Horizon 2020 were about and I was enthusiastic to promote our technical challenge with the potential that I could share my challenge with a group of scientists and researchers.

The DynPT project – an overview

Robert Wynands, Richard Högström

The DynPT project, under its full name of “Development of measurement and calibration techniques for dynamic pressures and temperatures”, had the overall objective of improving the accuracy and reliability of pressure and temperature measurements in dynamically changing conditions. It received funding within the 2017 “industry” call of the EMPIR framework, and thus was co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The consortium comprised a total of 11 partner institutions, with 7 National Metrology Institutes, two unversities, and two industrial partners (Fig. 1), so that good coverage of the interest of a wide range of stakeholders could be achieved:

Development of a dynamic pressure standard for calibrations of dynamic pressure sensors at TUBITAK UME

Y. Durgut, R. Yilmaz, A. Hamarat

In many important areas such as combustion analysis, automotive industry, turbomachines, aerodynamics, fluid power and control, measurements of time-varying (dynamic) pressures are required, with amplitudes from a few Pascal (Pa) to a few Giga Pascal (GPa) and frequencies ranging from below 1 Hz to approximately 1 MHz. Pressure values that vary depending on time are defined as dynamic pressure. Dynamic pressure transducers with very fast response times are used to reliably measure dynamic pressure. This type of transducer must be calibrated against a reference dynamic pressure to be applied.

Of squids and spheres: PTB’s drop-weight apparatus

R. Wynands, S. Quabis, S. Derksen3, O. Slanina

Introduction

For pressures above a few ten MPa, dynamic pressure standards based on a dropping weight are the method of choice. This method is based on generating a pressure pulse by dropping a weight onto a piston-cylinder assembly connected to a liquid-filled measurement chamber. The customer device to be calibrated (device under test, DUT) is connected to this fluid and its response to the pressure pulse is recorded and compared to the amplitude of the pressure pulse applied.

Guideline on the development of dynamic pressure standards covering the pressure range from 0.1 MPa to 400 MPa with response times in the range of μs to ms

R. Högström, S. Saxholm, M. Aspiala, J. Hämäläinen, J. Salminen, C. Sarraf, R. Wynands, S. Quabis, Y. Durgut, G. Jönsson, E. Amer, M. Liverts, S. Sundarapandian, C. Adolfse

Preface

This article is an abridged version of deliverable D1 in the EMPIR project 17IND07 – DynPT: “Guideline on the development of dynamic pressure standards covering the pressure range from 0.1 MPa to 400 MPa (with response times in the range of μs to ms) with a target uncertainty of 1 %, including guidelines on the presentation of measurement data independent of the measurement technique (shock tube or drop-weight)”. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Validation of dynamic temperature calibration methods for the range up to 3000 °C, with a response time below 1 ms

S. Sundarapandian, M. Liverts, G. Jönsson, P. Broberg, A. Fateev, G. Sutton, D. Lowe, R. Högström8, S. Saxholm

1. Introduction

This article is a slightly adapted version of the deliverable D2 in the EMPIR project 17IND07 – DynPT: “Validation report on the developed dynamic temperature calibration methods for measuring temperature range up to 3000 °C, with a target uncertainty up to 3 % and response time below 1 ms”. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Validation of IR-based and UV-based sensors for dynamic temperature measurements

Alexander Fateev, Anders Öster

1. Introduction

This article is an abridged version of chapter 2 of deliverable D5 in the EMPIR project 17IND07 – DynPT: “Validation report on the performance of the newly developed dynamic pressure and temperature sensors covering the range up to 30 MPa with a target uncertainty of 2 % and up to 3000 °C, with a target uncertainty of 5 %, respectively”. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The full report has been prepared by VSL B.V. (VSL) together with project partners from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Minerva meettechniek B.V. (Minerva), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE) and Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT).

Validation of a fiber optic based dynamic thermometer

G. Sutton, D. Lowe, A. Sposito, A. Öster, V. Grahn, P. Nyberg, J. Hyvönen, J. Leino

1. Introduction

This article is an abridged version of chapter 3 of deliverable D5 in the EMPIR project 17IND07 – DynPT: “Validation report on the performance of the newly developed dynamic pressure and temperature sensors covering the range up to 30 MPa with a target uncertainty of 2 and up to 3000 °C, with a target uncertainty of 5 %, respectively”. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The full report has been prepared by VSL B.V. (VSL) together with project partners from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Minerva meettechniek B.V. (Minerva), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE) and Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT).

Validation of a prototype commercial dynamic pressure sensor

E. Amer, G. Jönsson

1. Introduction

This article is an abridged version of chapter 4 of deliverable D5 in the EMPIR project 17IND07 – DynPT: “Validation report on the performance of the newly developed dynamic pressure and temperature sensors covering the range up to 30 MPa with a target uncertainty of 2 % and up to 3000 °C, with a target uncertainty of 5 %, respectively”. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The full report has been prepared by VSL B.V. (VSL) together with project partners from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Minerva meettechniek B.V. (Minerva), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE) and Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT).

Validation of a novel dynamic pressure sensor

M. Aspiala, J. Hämäläinen, T. Sillanpää, S. Nyyssönen, S. Saxholm, R. Högström, J. Salminen

1. Introduction

This article is an abridged version of chapter 5 of deliverable D5 in the EMPIR project 17IND07 – DynPT: “Validation report on the performance of the newly developed dynamic pressure and temperature sensors covering the range up to 30 MPa with a target uncertainty of 2 % and up to 3000 °C, with a target uncertainty of 5 %, respectively”. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The full report has been prepared by VSL B.V. (VSL) together with project partners from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Minerva meettechniek B.V. (Minerva), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE) and Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT).

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