Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
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  1. PageHomepage 
  2. FolderAbout PTB 
    1. FolderPTB – a brief presentation 
      1. FolderProfile of tasks 
        1. PageFundamentals of metrology 
        2. PageMetrology for economy 
        3. PageMetrology for society 
        4. PageInternational affairs 
      2. FolderHistorical 
        1. PageMonographs concernig the history of PTB/PTR 
    2. FolderHow to find us 
      1. PageBraunschweig: Access 
      2. PageMap of the PTB in Braunschweig 
      3. PageAerial photograph of the PTB premises in Braunschweig 
      4. PageAccess to the PTB in Berlin-Charlottenburg 
      5. PageMap of the PTB in Berlin-Charlottenburg 
      6. PageAerial photograph of the PTB premises in Berlin-Charlottenburg 
      7. PageAccess to Adlershof 
      8. PageMap of the PTB in Berlin-Adlershof 
      9. PageAerial photograph of the PTB premises in Berlin-Adlershof 
    3. PagePTB's Berlin Institute 
    4. PageVisitor's Service at Braunschweig 
    5. FolderPresidential Board 
      1. PageProf. Dr. Joachim H. Ullrich 
      2. PageProf. Dr. Ernst Otto Göbel 
      3. PageProf. Dr. Manfred Peters  
      4. PageProf. Dr. Michael Kühne 
      5. PageDr. Jörn Stenger 
      6. PageIB.T Technical-scientific Infrastructure Berlin 
    6. FolderPresidential Staff (PSt) 
      1. PagePSt 1: Research Programs, Strategic, Controlling, Special Tasks, Sonderaufgaben  
      2. FolderPSt 2: Central Quality Management 
        1. PagePSt 2: Central Quality Management 
      3. FolderPSt 4: Theory of Metrologically Relevant Many-Body-Systems 
        1. PageList of publications 
      4. FolderPSt 5: Theory of Transport in Quantum Systems 
        1. PageList of publications 
      5. FolderPSt 6: Theory of Interacting Quantum Systems 
        1. PageList of publications 
    7. PagePress and Information Office 
    8. PageStructure 
    9. PageAdministrative Services 
  3. FolderStructure 
    1. FolderDiv. 1 Mechanics and Acoustics 
    2. FolderDiv. 2 Electricity 
      1. Folder2.1 Direct Current and Low Frequency 
        1. Page2.11 Direct Current Measuring Techniques 
        2. Page2.12 Ratio and Sampling Techniques 
        3. Page2.13 AC/DC Transfer, Impedance 
      2. Folder2.2 High Frequency and Electromagnetic Fields 
        1. Page2.21 Electromagnetic Fields and Antenna Measuring Techniques 
        2. Page2.22 High-frequency Measuring Techniques  
        3. Page2.23 Fundamentals of Scattering Parameter Measurements 
      3. Folder2.3 Electrical Energy Measuring Techniques 
        1. Page2.31 Foundations of Electrical Energy Measuring Techniques 
        2. Page2.32 High-voltage Metrology 
        3. Page2.33 Power and Energy, Test Centre System 
        4. Page2.34 Conformity Assessment of Measuring Instruments for Electricity 
        5. Page2.35 Instrument Transformers 
      4. Folder2.4 Quantum Electronics 
        1. Page2.41 Logistics and Operation of Clean-room Facility 
        2. Page2.42 Single-charge and Single-flux-quanta Circuits 
        3. Page2.43 Josephson Circuits 
        4. Page2.44 Nanostructuring 
        5. Page2.45 Macroscopic Quantum Objects 
      5. Folder2.5 Semiconductor Physics and Magnetism 
        1. Page2.51 Magnetic Measurements 
        2. Page2.52 Nanomagnetism 
        3. Page2.53 Low-dimensional Electron Systems 
        4. Page2.54 Terahertz Optics 
      6. Folder2.6 Electrical Quantum Metrology 
        1. Page2.61 SET, Current and Charge 
        2. Page2.62 Quantum Hall Effect, Resistance 
        3. Page2.63 Josephson Effect, Voltage 
    3. FolderDiv. 3 Chemical Physics and Explosion Protection 
      1. Folder3.1 Metrology in Chemistry  
        1. Page3.11 Inorganic Analysis 
        2. Page3.12 Bio-organic Analysis 
        3. Page3.13 Electrochemistry 
      2. Folder3.2 Analytics and Thermodynamic State Behaviour of Gases 
        1. Page3.21 Humidity 
        2. Page3.22 Metrology in Molecular Spectroscopy 
        3. Page3.23 Thermal State Behaviour and Density 
        4. Page3.24 Avogadro Constant 
      3. Folder3.3 Material Properties and Pressure 
        1. Page3.31 Caloric Quantities 
        2. Page3.32 Properties of liquids 
        3. Page3.33 Pressure 
      4. Folder3.4 Fundamentals of Explosion Protection 
        1. Page3.41 Safety Characteristics 
        2. Page3.42 Gas dispersion and explosion processes 
        3. Page3.43 Explosion protection advice and databases 
      5. Folder3.5 Flame Transmission Processes 
        1. Page3.51 Flameproof Enclosure 
        2. Page3.52 Modelling of flame transmissions 
        3. Page3.54 International Harmonization in Explosion Protection 
        4. PageProzess- und Anlagensicherheit Lecture Notes SS 2012  
      6. Folder3.6 Intrinsic Safety and Safety of Systems  
        1. Page3.61 Intrinsic Safety 
        2. Page3.62 Ignition Hazards of Modern Energy Supply Systems 
        3. Page3.63 Business Office "Conformity Assessment in Explosion Protection" 
      7. Folder3.7 Prevention of Ignition Sources 
        1. Page3.71 QM System Assessments in Explosion Protection 
        2. Page3.72 Explosion-protected Electrical Drive Systems 
        3. Page3.73 Physical Ignition Processes 
    4. FolderDiv. 4 Optics 
      1. Folder4.1 Photometry and Applied Radiometry 
        1. Page4.11 Source-based Spectroradiometry 
        2. Page4.12 Photometry 
        3. Page4.14 Solar Cells 
        4. Page4.15 Goniophotometry 
      2. Folder4.2 Imaging and Wave Optics 
        1. Page4.21 Form and Wavefront Metrology 
        2. Page4.22 Quantitative Microscopy 
        3. Page4.23 Ultra-high Resolution Microscopy 
      3. Folder4.3 Quantum Optics and Unit of Length 
        1. Page4.31 Unit of Length 
        2. Page4.32 Quantum Optics with Cold Atoms 
        3. Page4.33 X-ray Optics 
      4. Folder4.4 Time and Frequency 
        1. Page4.41 Unit of Time 
        2. Page4.42 Dissemination of Time 
        3. Page4.43 Optical Clocks with Trapped Ions 
      5. Folder4.5 Optical Technologies 
        1. Page4.51 Spectrometry and Micro-optical Metrology 
        2. Page4.52 Reflectometry 
        3. Page4.53 Optical Femtosecond-Metrology 
        4. Page4.54 Laser Radiometry 
    5. FolderDiv. 5 Precision Engineering 
      1. Folder5.1 Surface Metrology  
        1. Page5.11 Nanoforce Metrology for Tactile Sensors 
        2. Page5.12 Hardness and Layer Thickness Measurement Technique  
        3. Page5.13 Surface Metrology on Nanostructures  
        4. Page5.14 Roughness Measuring Methods 
        5. Page5.15 Calibration of Roughness Parameters 
      2. Folder5.2 Dimensional Nanometrology 
        1. Page5.21 Length Graduation 
        2. Page5.22 Mask Metrology 
        3. Page5.23 Angle Metrology 
        4. Page5.24 Modeling Scanning Microscopy 
        5. Page5.25 Scanning Probe Metrology 
      3. Folder5.3 Coordinate Metrology 
        1. Page5.31 Geometrical Standards 
        2. Page5.32 Coordinate Measuring Machines 
        3. Page5.33 Gear and Thread 
        4. Page5.34 Multisensor Metrology 
        5. Page5.35 Metrological Services for Coordinate Metrology 
      4. Folder5.4 Interferometry on Material Measures 
        1. Page5.41 Interferometry on Spheres 
        2. Page5.42 Multiwavelength Interferometry for Geodetic Lengths 
        3. Page5.43 Interferometric Calibration of Gauge Blocks 
        4. Page5.44 Interferometry on Prismatic Bodies 
        5. Page5.45 Certification of Length Measuring Machines 
      5. Folder5.5 Scientific Instrumentation 
        1. Page5.51 Design 
        2. Page5.52 Fabrication of Measuring Instruments 
        3. Page5.53 Manufacturing of Components 
        4. Page5.54 Surface Technology 
        5. Page5.55 Training 
        6. Page5.56 Manufacturing Technology 
    6. FolderAbt. 6 Ionisierende Strahlung  
      1. Folder6.4 Ion accelerators and reference radiation fields 
        1. Page6.41 Mikro-Ionenstrahl und Ionendosimetrie  
        2. Page6.42 Neutronenmetrologie  
        3. Page6.43 Ionenbeschleuniger  
      2. Folder6.5 Neutron radiation 
        1. Page6.51 Detektorentwicklung  
        2. Page6.52 Messverfahren in der Neutronendosimetrie  
        3. Page6.53 Neutronenspektrometrie  
        4. Page6.54 Radionuklidquellen  
      3. Folder6.6 Fundamentals of dosimetry 
        1. Page6.61 Elektronenwirkungsquerschnitte 
        2. Page6.62 Photonenmetrologie 
        3. Page6.63 Ionisationscluster-Erzeugung und Photonenspektrometrie 
        4. Page6.64 Grundlagen des Teilchentransports 
      4. Page6.71 Operational radiation protection 
    7. FolderDiv. 7 Temperature and Synchrotron Radiation 
      1. Folder7.1 Radiometry with Synchrotron Radiation 
        1. Page7.11 X-ray Radiometry  
        2. Page7.12 EUV Radiometry  
        3. Page7.13 UV and VUV Radiometry  
        4. Page7.14 Synchrotron Radiation Sources  
        5. Page7.15 Instrumentation Berlin-Adlershof  
      2. Folder7.2 Cryophysics and Spectrometry 
        1. Page7.20 Superconducting Sensors 
        2. Page7.21 Cryosensors 
        3. Page7.22 Ultra-Low Temperatures  
        4. Page7.23 Cryoelectronic Measuring Systems 
        5. Page7.24 X-ray and IR Spectrometry 
        6. Page7.25 Information Technology Berlin-Adlershof  
      3. Folder7.3 Detectorradiometry and Radiation Thermometry 
        1. Page7.31 High-temperature Scale 
        2. Page7.32 Infrared Radiation Thermometry 
        3. Page7.33 Detectorradiometry 
        4. Page7.34 Terahertzradiometry 
      4. Folder7.4 Temperature 
        1. Page7.41 High-temperature Technology 
        2. Page7.42 Applied Thermometry 
        3. Page7.43 Fundamentals of Thermometry 
        4. Page7.44 Low-temperature Scale 
      5. Folder7.5 Heat and Vacuum 
        1. Page7.51 Thermal Energy Measurement 
        2. Page7.52 New Methods for Thermal Energy Measurement 
        3. Page7.54 Vacuum Metrology 
    8. FolderDiv. 8 
      1. Folder8.1 Medical Metrology 
        1. Page8.11 MR technology 
        2. Page8.12 Standards for medical instrumentation 
        3. Page8.13 In vivo MRI 
      2. Folder8.2 Biosignals 
        1. Page8.21 Biomagnetism 
        2. Page8.22 Biosignal Measurement Techniques 
      3. Folder8.3 Biomedical Optics 
        1. Page8.31 Tissue Optics and Molecular Imaging 
        2. Page8.32 Flow Cytometry and Microscopy 
      4. Folder8.4 Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis 
        1. Page8.41 Mathematical Modelling and Simulation 
        2. Page8.42 Data Analysis and Measurement Uncertainty 
      5. Folder8.5 Metrological Information Technology 
        1. Page8.51 Metrological Software 
        2. Page8.52 Data Communication and Security 
        3. Page8.54 Gaming Machines 
    9. FolderAbt. Q Wissenschaftlich-technische Querschnittsaufgaben  
      1. PageQ.11 Academic Library 
      2. FolderQ.3 Legal metrology and technology transfer 
        1. PageQ.31 Legal metrology 
        2. PageQ.32 Certification body for measuring instruments 
        3. PageQ.33 Technologietransfer 
      3. FolderQ.4 Information Technology  
        1. PageQ.41 Data Networks 
        2. PageQ.42 Server Systems  
        3. PageQ.43 Databases  
        4. PageQ.44 User Support and Consulting IT-Management  
      4. FolderQ.5 Technische Zusammenarbeit 
        1. Page125jahre 
      5. FolderQ.61 Technischer Dienst 
        1. PageQ.61 Technisches Büro 
        2. PageQ.611 Betriebstechnik 
        3. PageQ.612 Bautechnik 
        4. PageQ.613 Sicherheit und Umwelt 
    10. FolderDiv. Z Administrative Services 
      1. FolderZ.11 Budget and Procurement 
        1. PageSection Z.113 : Procurement Office 
      2. PageZ.12 Personnel 
      3. PageZ.13 Legal Matters 
      4. FolderZ.14 Organization and Controlling 
        1. PageInformation on PTB Fees 
      5. PageZ.15 Berlin Administration 
      6. PageZ.16 Internal Services 
      7. PageZ.17 Training 
  4. FolderThematic tours 
    1. FolderGuardian of the units 
      1. FolderThe SI The International System of Units (SI)
        1. PageThe metre The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of (1/299 792 458) of a second.
        2. PageThe kilogram 
        3. PageThe second 
        4. PageThe ampere 
        5. PageThe kelvin The International System of Units (SI)
        6. PageThe mole 
        7. PageThe candela The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of (1/299 792 458) of a second.
        8. PageAvogadro The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of (1/299 792 458) of a second.
        9. PageThe history of the SI The International System of Units (SI)
        10. PageThe metric system The International System of Units (SI)
        11. Pagefundamental constants The International System of Units (SI)
        12. Pagefundamental research The International System of Units (SI)
    2. FolderIn the service of the public 
      1. PageConsumer protection 
      2. PageApproval 
      3. PageVerification 
      4. PageVerification Act and Verification Ordinance 
      5. PageResponsibilities in legal metrology 
      6. PageMeasuring instruments subject to legal control 
      7. PageDeclaration of conformity 
      8. PageEuropäische Messgeräte-Richtlinie (MID) 
    3. FolderPartner of industry 
      1. FolderCalibration 
        1. PageKalibrierhierarchie 
      2. PageStandards 
      3. PageTraceability 
      4. PageJoint projects with industry 
      5. PageStandardization 
      6. PageTechnologietransfer Alle Messgeräte, die nach dem Eichgesetz für eichpflichtige Messungen verwendet werden, müssen geeicht sein. Die Eichung setzt in den meisten Fällen eine Bauartzulassung voraus,
    4. FolderIn the worldwide network of metrology 
      1. FolderInternational agreements 
        1. PageHow much is a cubic metre of natural gas? 
        2. PageTested once – accepted everywhere 
        3. PageTransatlantic "measuring bridges" 
      2. FolderPTB and development cooperation 
        1. PageThe elements of a project 
        2. PageChinese-German understanding 
        3. PageThe development of a project 
  5. FolderForschung in Europa 
    1. FolderEnergy Measurement and Standards 
      1. FolderEnergy Production (A) 
        1. PageA1: Metrology for improved large scale power plant efficiency 
        2. PageA2: Metrology for the new generation of nuclear power plants 
        3. PageA3: Metrology for wind energy conversion 
        4. PageA4: Metrology for solar energy 
        5. PageA5: Micro power generation and energy harvesting 
        6. PageA6: Biofuels production 
        7. PageA7: Metrology for energy production by nuclear fusion 
        8. PageA8: Metrology for the save energy production of nuclear power plants 
      2. FolderTransport, Distribution and Grids (B) 
        1. PageB1: Smart electrical grids 
        2. PageB2: Electrical power and energy measurement and standards 
        3. PageB3: High-voltage direct current power transmission 
        4. PageB4: Characterization of energy gases 
        5. PageB5: BioGas quality 
        6. PageB6: Liquified natural gas (LNG) 
        7. PageB7: Smart gas grids 
        8. PageB8: Flow and quantity measurement of liquid energy carriers 
        9. PageB9: Characterization of energy liquids and fuels 
      3. PageConsumption, Metering and Savings (C) 
      4. PageFuels, Automotive, Mobility (D) 
    2. PageUmwelt (in Vorbereitung) 
    3. PageNanometrologie (in Vorbereitung) 
    4. PageMedizinphysik in der PTB 
  6. PageWhat's new 
  7. PagePublications 
  8. FolderJobs/Training 
    1. PageVacancies 
    2. FolderAzubi 
      1. FolderAusbildungsmöglichkeiten 
        1. PageAllgemeine Infos zur Ausbildung in der PTB 
        2. PageElektroniker/in für Energie- und Gebäudetechnik 
        3. PageElektroniker/in für Geräte und Systeme 
        4. PageFeinwerkmechaniker/in Fachrichtung Feinwerktechnik 
        5. PageFotograf/in 
        6. PageIT-Systemelektroniker/in 
        7. PageMediengestalter/in 
        8. PagePhysiklaborant/in 
        9. PageDuales Studium - Elektrotechnik im Praxisverbund 
        10. PageDuales Studium - Ablauf und Randbedingungen 
        11. PageFachangestellte/r für Bürokommunikation 
        12. PageVerwaltungsfachangestellte/r 
        13. PageSysteminformatiker/-in 
        14. PageTischler/in 
        15. PageAusbildungsplätze 
      2. PageAusbildung im Zentrum des Messens 
      3. PageETiP 
      4. FolderMeinungen 
        1. PageNico Strehl, Auszubildender IT-System-Elektroniker, 2. Lehrjahr (stimmen1) 
        2. PageSysteminformatiker 
      5. PageInformationen zum Thema Bewerbung 
      6. PageZukunftstag 
    3. FolderNachwuchsförderung 
      1. FolderFANwing 
        1. PageEine Auswahl aus den bisherigen Veranstaltungsthemen 
        2. PageKontaktformular 
      2. FolderDoktorarbeiten 
        1. PageAktuell laufende und 2009 abgeschlossene Dissertationen 
        2. Page2006 - 2008 abgeschlossene Dissertationen 
        3. Page2003 - 2005 abgeschlossene Dissertationen 
        4. Page2000 - 2002 abgeschlossene Doktorarbeiten 
        5. Page1997 - 1999 abgeschlossene Dissertationen 
        6. Page1996 und früher abgeschlossene Dissertationen 
    4. FolderWissensForscher 
      1. PageGrundschüler experimentieren... 
      2. FolderTermine 
        1. PageArchiv 
      3. PageAnmeldung 
    5. FolderGleichstellungsbeauftragte 
      1. PageInternet-Links 
  9. FolderServices 
    1. FolderCertification body 
      1. FolderSektor 1: Explosionsschutz und Schussgeräte 
        1. PageExplosionsschutz 
        2. PageSchussgeräte 
      2. PageSector 2: Non Automatic Weighing Instruments and OIML-Certifications 
      3. PageSector 3: Measuring Instruments Directive 
      4. PageSector 4: Measurings Instruments - Domestic and EEC-Type Approvals 
    2. PageDer Deutsche Kalibrierdienst (DKD) 
  10. PageTechnology Transfer 
  11. PageIndex 
  12. Pagehelmholtz-fonds 
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